判断蓄电池电极的几种方法

本文介绍了几种正确识别旧蓄电瓶正负电极的简易方法．以供大家在自行充电或检测时作快速判断。

1.根据蓄电瓶电极设计特点判断

一般常用的蓄电瓶在生产设计时．其电瓶桩较粗些的一端为正电极．另一端则细些为负电极，同时可辨认一下电瓶桩柱的颜色，其中正电极桩柱呈现深棕色，而负电极则呈现为深灰色。另外有些电瓶的正负标记用英文字母表示，即P表示为正电极，N表示为负电极，这在检修充电时可千万不能搞错。

2．采用万用表电压挡测量

可将万用表拨至直流挡位上，两表笔分别跨接在蓄电瓶两电极上，此时若电瓶显示出正常电压值，则证明红色表笔所触的电极为电瓶正电极．而黑表笔处则为负电极。有时测得电瓶无正常电压存在，则可测量电瓶的弱微存电量加以判断。当两表笔碰触电瓶电极后，表针若向右微微晃动，即证明红笔处为电瓶正电极．黑表笔处为负电极。但如果万用表指针向左晃动(表针反打)，则证明红笔所触及处为电瓶的负电极。

3.采用导线短路进行识别

将两根铜芯电源线分别跨接在待测定的旧电瓶电极处，再将正常配置好的电解液(浓盐水)倒入一只玻璃茶杯内，将电源线两端分别插入茶杯内，并各自搁放在玻璃杯两侧边沿(两线在杯中不能相碰)，然后观察各自引线端在电解液中的冒泡情况，如果某一电线线端气泡上泛的小泡明显而又较多时．则说明电源线连接电瓶的一端为负电极，气泡上泛少而又不明显端则为电瓶的正电极。

4.利用整流二极管测定

电源稳压器中的整流二极管具有单向导电性能可找一支整流二极管．一只40w白炽灯．然后依次按电瓶的一个桩柱→二极管+端→二极管-端→白炽灯→电瓶另一桩柱顺序串接起来，形成一个电灯串联回路，此时若回路中的白炽灯被点燃发光，则证明二极管极端与电瓶桩柱连接处为电瓶的正电极，另一端为电瓶的负电极。

Several methods of judging battery electrodes

This paper introduces several simple methods to correctly identify the positive and negative electrodes of old batteries. For everyone to make a quick judgment when charging or testing by themselves.

1. Judging according to the design characteristics of the battery electrode

Commonly used batteries in the production design. The thicker end of the battery pile is the positive electrode. The other end is thinner and is the negative electrode. At the same time, you can identify the color of the battery post. The positive electrode post is dark brown, and the negative electrode is dark gray. In addition, the positive and negative marks of some batteries are represented by English letters, that is, P represents the positive electrode, and N represents the negative electrode. This must not be mistaken when overhauling and charging.

2. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage

You can switch the multimeter to the DC gear, and connect the two test pens to the two electrodes of the battery. If the battery shows a normal voltage value at this time, it proves that the electrode touched by the red test pen is the positive electrode of the battery. The black test lead is the negative electrode. Sometimes it is found that there is no normal voltage of the battery, and the weak storage capacity of the battery can be measured to judge. When the two test pens touch the battery electrode, if the pointer shakes slightly to the right, it proves that the red pen is the positive electrode of the battery. The black test lead is the negative electrode. But if the pointer of the multimeter shakes to the left (the pointer is reversed), it proves that the place touched by the red pen is the negative electrode of the battery.

3. Identify by wire short circuit

Connect the two copper core power wires to the electrodes of the old battery to be measured respectively, then pour the normally configured electrolyte (concentrated salt water) into a glass teacup, insert both ends of the power wires into the teacup, and Place them on both sides of the glass (the two wires cannot touch in the cup), and then observe the bubbling of the respective lead ends in the electrolyte. a long time. It means that the end of the power cord connected to the battery is the negative electrode, and the end with few bubbles but not obvious is the positive electrode of the battery.

4. Determination using rectifier diodes

The rectifier diode in the power regulator has unidirectional conductivity, and a rectifier diode can be found. A 40w incandescent lamp. Then follow the sequence of one pole of the battery → diode + terminal → diode - terminal → incandescent lamp → another pole of the battery in series to form a series circuit of electric lamps. At this time, if the incandescent lamp in the circuit is ignited, it proves that The connection between the diode terminal and the battery post is the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is the negative electrode of the battery.