蓄电池的分类

铅酸蓄电池

常用的车用蓄电池主要分为三类:普通蓄电池、干荷蓄电池和免维护蓄电池。

1、普通蓄电池

普通蓄电池的极板是由铅和铅的氧化物构成，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。它的主要优点是电压稳定、价格便宜;缺点是比能

低(即每公斤蓄电池存储的电能)、使用寿命短和日常维护频繁。

2、干荷蓄电池

它的全称是干式荷电铅酸蓄电池，它的主要特点是负极板有较高的储电能力，在完全干燥状态下，能在两年内保存所得到

的电量，使用时，只需加入电解液，等过20-30分钟就可使用。

3免维护蓄电池

免维护蓄电池由干自身结构上的优势，电解液的消耗量非常小，在使用寿命内基本不需要补充蒸馏水，它还早有耐震，而

高温，体积小，自放电小的特点。使用寿命一般为普通蓄电池的两倍。市场上的免维护蓄电池也有两种:第一种在购买时一次

性加电解液以后使用中不需要维护(添加补充液);另一种是电池本身出厂时就已经加好电解液并封死，用户根本就不能加补充液。

UPS蓄电池

UPS 称为不间断电源，是因为停电的时候，它能快速转换到"逆变"状态，从而不会让在使用中的电脑因为突然停电未来

得及存储而失去重要文件。不是用来当备用电源用的，如果你只是想在停电的时候可以用电，光买逆变器就够了。一般家用

UPS里用的大多是，免维护型铅酸蓄电池。

磷酸铁锂蓄电池

磷酸铁锂电池是锂离子电池家族中最安全的高化能量电池。磷酸铁锂电池的放电电压非常平稳，一般为32V，放电后期

(主要指剩余的10%容量)电压变化较快，截止电压一般为25V。环境温度特别是低温会对磷酸铁锂电池的放电容量产生影

响:-20℃的放电容量是常温容量的45%，-10℃是常温的65%，-5℃是常温的80%，0℃是常温的90%，0℃~20℃的放电容

量变化非常小。磷酸铁锂电池的低温性能优干铅酸蓄电池。

超级蓄电池

超级蓄电池--发动机启动电源”是一种当内燃机配用的传统蓄电池失效而无法实施启动时，能通过快速储能后向内燃机提供启动电源的装置。

传统蓄电池的工作原理及缺陷:2013年以内燃机为动力的设备主要采用传统蓄电池作为启动电源，由干传统蓄电池受使

用寿命，存放时间，环境温度等因素的限制，会导致储量降低或内阴过大而失效，从而无法实施启动。同时，由干这些因素难

以预测和控制，内燃机无法启动的情况随时可能发生而令人束手无策，特别是当用干消防，救灾，军事，通讯等用途的装备或

体积庞大的工程机械遇到这种情况时，可能会造成极为严重的后果。

传统蓄电池环境温度每降低10℃内阻约增大15%，蓄电池的内阻超过正常值25%，该容量已降低到其标称容量的80%左

右，如果蓄电池内阻超过正常值的50%，该蓄电池容量已降低到其标称容量的80%以下。若有新型的蓄电池与传统蓄电池设

计为并联配置的话，就可以瞬时释放大电流，从而解决因低温启动设备困难问题，同时大大延长传统蓄电池的使用寿命。

Classification of batteries

Lead-acid batteries

Commonly used vehicle batteries are mainly divided into three categories: ordinary batteries, dry-charge batteries and maintenance-free batteries.

1. Ordinary battery

The plates of ordinary batteries are composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; the disadvantage is specific energy

Low (ie energy stored per kilogram of battery), short lifespan and frequent routine maintenance.

2. Dry-charged battery

Its full name is dry-type charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high power storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can be stored within two years.

When using, just add electrolyte and wait 20-30 minutes before use.

3 Maintenance-free batteries

The maintenance-free battery has the advantages of its own structure, the consumption of electrolyte is very small, and there is basically no need to add distilled water during its service life. It is still shock-resistant, and

High temperature, small size and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first is a one-time purchase

After adding the electrolyte, there is no need for maintenance (adding supplementary fluid); the other is that the battery itself has already been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, and the user cannot add supplementary fluid at all.

UPS battery

UPS is called an uninterruptible power supply because it can quickly switch to the "inverting" state during a power outage, so that the computer in use will not be left in the future due to a sudden power outage.

important files are lost if they are not stored in time. It is not used as a backup power supply. If you just want to use electricity in the event of a power outage, just buying an inverter is enough. general household

Most of the UPSs are maintenance-free lead-acid batteries.

LiFePO4 battery

Lithium iron phosphate battery is the safest high-energy battery in the lithium-ion battery family. The discharge voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery is very stable, generally 32V, and the discharge voltage is late.

(mainly refers to the remaining 10% capacity) The voltage changes rapidly, and the cut-off voltage is generally 25V. The ambient temperature, especially the low temperature, will affect the discharge capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery.

Ring: -20℃ discharge capacity is 45% of normal temperature capacity, -10℃ is 65% of normal temperature, -5℃ is 80% of normal temperature, 0℃ is 90% of normal temperature, 0℃~20℃ discharge capacity

The amount of change is very small. The low temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is superior to dry lead-acid batteries.

super battery

"Super battery - engine starting power" is a device that can provide starting power to the internal combustion engine through rapid energy storage when the traditional battery used in the internal combustion engine fails and cannot be started.

The working principle and defects of traditional batteries: In 2013, the equipment powered by internal combustion engines mainly used traditional batteries as the starting power source, and was used by dry traditional batteries.

The limitation of service life, storage time, ambient temperature and other factors will cause the reserve to decrease or the inner vagina to be too large to fail, so that the startup cannot be implemented. At the same time, due to these factors, it is difficult to

With prediction and control, the situation that the internal combustion engine cannot be started may occur at any time and it is helpless, especially when the equipment for fire fighting, disaster relief, military, communication and other purposes is used or

When the huge construction machinery encounters this situation, it may cause extremely serious consequences.

The internal resistance of the traditional battery increases by about 15% for every 10°C decrease in ambient temperature, the internal resistance of the battery exceeds the normal value by 25%, and the capacity has been reduced to about 80% of its nominal capacity.

Right, if the internal resistance of the battery exceeds 50% of the normal value, the battery capacity has been reduced to below 80% of its nominal capacity. If there is a new type of battery and a traditional battery device

If it is configured in parallel, a large current can be released instantaneously, thereby solving the problem of difficulty in starting equipment due to low temperature, and at the same time greatly extending the service life of traditional batteries.